n-3 PUFAs as Modulators of Stem Cells in Prevention of Colorectal Cancer

Epidemiological and experimental studies have convincingly demonstrated that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) inhibit the initiation and progression stages of colorectal cancer. Attenuation of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis by modulation of multiple signaling pathways makes n-3 PUFAs a promising candidate for chemoprevention as well as a dietary adjuvant with other anticancer strategies. These PUFAs maintain intestinal homeostasis by regulating stem cell proliferation mediated through downregulation of Wnt signaling and upregulation of transforming growth factor β mediated signaling events. In addition, owing to their anti-inflammatory nature, these fatty acids also affect the intestinal milieu which has a critical role in maintaining the number of stem cells and their differentiation.